Philip II ruled France from 1180 to 1223 and greatly expanded Capetian power at the expense of the Angevin kings. He joined Richard I on the Third Crusade but returned early and later exploited Richard’s captivity and King John’s weakness. Philip conquered Normandy and other continental territories and defeated a major coalition at Bouvines in 1214. His reign transformed the French monarchy from a limited royal domain into the dominant power of the kingdom.
Philip appears in Sharon Kay Penman’s Lionheart and A King’s Ransom and in Elizabeth Chadwick’s novels about William Marshal. Historical fiction often makes him the patient, calculating rival of Richard and John. That portrayal reflects his political success, but his own court, administrative reforms and domestic conflicts deserve more attention than an exclusively English viewpoint allows.
In non-fiction, Philip II of France is discussed in Dan Jones’s Crusaders. Dan Jones’s Crusaders approaches the subject through religion, belief and institutional authority, social change and the pressures of ordinary life, and political ambition and government.