Marcus Junius Brutus was a Roman senator, philosopher and one of the leading assassins of Julius Caesar. Although Caesar had pardoned and promoted him after the civil war, Brutus joined the conspiracy in the belief that dictatorship threatened the republic. After the murder he failed to secure political control of Rome, raised armies in the east and fought Antony and Octavian at Philippi. Defeated in 42 BC, he took his own life.
Brutus is a major character in Colleen McCullough’s The October Horse and Conn Iggulden’s Emperor series, while Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar continues to shape almost every later portrayal. Fiction often presents him as an honourable idealist manipulated by harder men. Other treatments emphasise wealth, provincial exploitation and the contradiction between republican principle and civil war.
In non-fiction, Marcus Junius Brutus is discussed in Appian’s The Civil Wars. Appian’s The Civil Wars approaches the subject through political ambition and government and crime, espionage and covert power.