1. Caesar’s Soldier
Rome and the eastern Mediterranean, 63–50 BCE. The young Mark Antony sees his stepfather Lentulus Sura executed for involvement in Catiline’s conspiracy, a family loss that fixes his hostility towards Cicero and senatorial justice. Years of debt and disorder are followed by military service under Aulus…
2. Caesar’s General
The Roman world, 49–44 BCE. When Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, Mark Antony becomes one of his principal political and military supporters. Civil war carries them from Italy to the confrontation with Pompey at Pharsalus and then into the dangerous succession struggle of Ptolemaic Alexandria. Further…
3. Caesar’s Avenger
Rome and Macedonia, 44–40 BCE. Caesar’s assassination leaves Mark Antony with the dead dictator’s papers, veterans and political legacy, but also with rivals who claim the right to avenge him. Octavian’s arrival turns cooperation into competition while Brutus and Cassius organise resistance in the east. Antony,…
4. Caesar’s Nemesis
The eastern Mediterranean, 36–30 BCE. Mark Antony’s invasion of Parthian territory fails after the loss of his siege train and a devastating retreat, weakening his authority and deepening his dependence on Cleopatra’s resources. Octavian uses Antony’s eastern court and marriage politics to portray him as an…