Jefferson Davis was an American soldier and politician who became president of the Confederate States of America during the Civil War. A West Point graduate and veteran of the Mexican-American War, he represented Mississippi in Congress and served as United States secretary of war before secession. A slaveholder and defender of slavery, Davis accepted the Confederate presidency in 1861 and led a government founded by seceding slave states seeking to preserve their political order and human property against perceived threats.
As Confederate president Davis struggled to coordinate military strategy, finance a prolonged war and balance demands for states’ rights against the central powers required for conscription, taxation and supply. He backed major commanders including Robert E. Lee but quarrelled with political and military critics. Captured in May 1865, Davis spent two years imprisoned at Fort Monroe before being released on bail; the federal treason prosecution was ultimately dropped. In later writings he defended the Confederate cause and contributed to post-war memory that minimised slavery’s central role.
Davis appears in Civil War fiction including John Jakes’s North and South, Love and War and The Titans, Bernard Cornwell’s Rebel and Charles Frazier’s Varina, the latter focusing on his wife and the collapse of the Confederate household. The linked non-fiction American Civil War, Jefferson Davis and Erik Larson’s The Demon of Unrest place his presidency within secession, Fort Sumter and the wider Confederate war effort.