Robert E. Lee was the principal Confederate general in the eastern theatre of the American Civil War. He won major victories including Second Manassas and Chancellorsville but was checked at Antietam and defeated at Gettysburg before surrendering to Grant at Appomattox.
Before the Civil War, Lee graduated from West Point, served with distinction in the Mexican-American War and later became superintendent of the military academy. He resigned from the United States Army after Virginia seceded in 1861 and accepted Confederate command. After the war he urged reconciliation within the defeated South and served as president of Washington College in Lexington until his death in 1870.
Bernard Cornwell’s Battle Flag places Robert E. Lee at the head of the Army of Northern Virginia during the 1862 campaign that carries Nathaniel Starbuck towards Second Bull Run, while Copperhead brings Lee into command as the Peninsula Campaign threatens Richmond. Jeff Shaara’s Gods and Generals makes Lee one of its principal viewpoints, following his decision to leave the United States Army, his assumption of Confederate command and the victories that establish his reputation. Battle of Antietam examines Lee’s first invasion of the North and the retreat that allowed Lincoln to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. Battle of Gettysburg follows his second northern invasion through the three-day battle and the failure of Pickett’s Charge, when the limits of Lee’s offensive strategy became unmistakable.