Marcus Licinius Crassus was one of the wealthiest men in the Roman Republic and built influence through property, patronage and military command. He defeated the revolt of Spartacus, then formed the political alliance known as the First Triumvirate with Caesar and Pompey. Seeking comparable military glory, Crassus invaded Parthia in 53 BC without adequate preparation. His army was destroyed at Carrhae, and he was killed during a failed negotiation.
Crassus is a major figure in Colleen McCullough’s Masters of Rome series and appears in Ben Kane’s Spartacus novels. Fiction often stresses greed and the legend that molten gold was poured into his mouth after death. His career also reveals how wealth, command and political competition became inseparable during the republic’s decline.
In Steven Saylor’s Arms of Nemesis, a steward is murdered at the villa of Marcus Licinius Crassus, and two enslaved men disappear. In Colleen McCullough’s Fortune’s Favourites, Pompey converts private armies into public command, Marcus Licinius Crassus turns wealth and patronage into authority, and Caesar begins the patient ascent that will make him their rival. Other novels featuring Marcus Licinius Crassus include Robert Harris’s Imperium, Ben Kane’s The Forgotten Legion, Colleen McCullough’s Caesar’s Women, Conn Iggulden’s The Death of Kings, and Conn Iggulden’s The Field of Swords.