James II of England was the Catholic king of England, Scotland and Ireland deposed in the Glorious Revolution. His efforts to expand toleration and royal authority alarmed Protestant elites, and the birth of a son helped trigger William of Orange’s invasion in 1688.
James's open Catholicism and attempts to suspend laws restricting Catholics and Protestant dissenters generated increasing opposition among political and religious elites. The birth of a Catholic male heir in 1688 helped provoke the invitation to William of Orange, whose invasion caused James's regime to collapse. James fled to France, attempted unsuccessfully to recover his throne in Ireland, and spent the rest of his life in exile under the protection of Louis XIV.
Angus Donald’s Blood’s Revolution begins with Holcroft Blood serving James II at Sedgemoor before the king’s authoritarian policies push former supporters towards the movement that will depose him. Rafael Sabatini’s Captain Blood and Arthur Conan Doyle’s Micah Clarke both place James on the royal side of the Monmouth Rebellion, showing the Bloody Assizes and the defeat of Protestant rebels from different fictional viewpoints. G. A. Henty’s Orange and Green follows the deposed king into Ireland, where James’s attempt to recover his crowns leads to the Boyne and the siege of Limerick. Neal Stephenson’s Quicksilver approaches him from Restoration politics and science, carrying its characters through the crisis that ends with James fleeing England in the Glorious Revolution.