Catherine Howard was the fifth wife of Henry VIII and queen of England from 1540 until her execution in 1542. Raised in the loosely supervised household of the Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, she had relationships before her marriage that later became the subject of investigation.
Catherine’s downfall began when information about her earlier relationships reached Archbishop Thomas Cranmer and prompted a wider investigation of her household. Francis Dereham and Thomas Culpeper were executed, while Catherine was condemned by act of attainder without a conventional trial. The surviving evidence is incomplete, especially concerning her age and the degree of coercion in her earlier relationships, making parts of her private life difficult to reconstruct with certainty.
In Antonia Fraser’s The Six Wives of Henry VIII, this group biography studies Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard and Catherine Parr as individuals as well as wives of Henry VIII. Gareth Russell’s Young and Damned and Fair reconstructs Catherine Howard’s upbringing in the households of the Howard family and her brief career at Henry VIII’s court. Catherine Howard is treated fictionally in C. J. Sansom’s Sovereign, Margaret George’s The Autobiography of Henry VIII, and Philippa Gregory’s The Boleyn Inheritance.