Humphrey of Lancaster, Duke of Gloucester, was the youngest son of Henry IV and served as protector of England during the minority of Henry VI. An energetic patron of learning, he also pursued a costly and unsuccessful claim in the Low Countries through his marriage to Jacqueline of Hainault.
Humphrey quarrelled with Cardinal Beaufort and other councillors over the conduct of government and war. Arrested in 1447, he died suddenly before trial, prompting rumours of murder. Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester was born in London and died in Bury St Edmunds.
In Mette Holm’s Deeds of Deceit, after five years of imprisonment and torture for a crime he did not commit, Thom Mowbray expects death rather than release. Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester, instead brings the former spymaster back into service near the end of Henry V’s reign. Thom enters a court transformed by war, patronage and the approaching uncertainty of a royal succession, but his injuries have stripped away much of the authority and confidence on which his old methods depended. Humphrey’s schemes and rival factions force Thom to trade secrets whose value is rapidly changing. In Joanna Hickson’s The Tudor Bride, Catherine of Valois arrives in England as Henry V’s French queen and gives birth to the future Henry VI, but her husband’s early death leaves her politically vulnerable. Mette, still serving as her companion, watches Humphrey of Gloucester and other magnates struggle for control of the infant king and the widowed queen’s household. Away from court, Catherine forms a relationship with the Welsh courtier Owen Tudor. Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester is treated fictionally in Georgette Heyer’s My Lord John. Tony Riches’s The Secret Diary of Eleanor Cobham portrays Humphrey of Lancaster through his marriage to Eleanor and his proximity to the childless Henry VI, showing how the Duke of Gloucester’s political position turns his household into a focus of faction and suspicion.