André Masséna rose from modest origins in Nice to become one of Napoleon’s most capable marshals. He distinguished himself in the Revolutionary campaigns in Italy and Switzerland, won a crucial victory at Zürich in 1799 and later fought in Austria and Italy.
His reputation suffered during the 1810 invasion of Portugal, when Wellington’s defensive Lines of Torres Vedras forced the French army to retreat after severe losses, hunger and breakdowns in discipline. André Masséna was born in Nice and died in Paris.
In Bernard Cornwell’s Sharpe’s Escape, as André Masséna’s army advances towards Lisbon, Sharpe loses command of his company to a well-connected but inexperienced officer. Further fictional perspectives on André Masséna can be found in Griff Hosker’s Bloody Badajoz, Griff Hosker’s British Light Dragoon, Griff Hosker’s Napoleon’s Guard, Griff Hosker’s The Lines of Torres Vedras, Griff Hosker’s The Road to France, and Griff Hosker’s Talavera.