Clytemnestra was a daughter of Tyndareus and Leda, a sister of Helen, and the wife of Agamemnon in Greek myth. Traditions place her at the centre of the violence of the House of Atreus. Agamemnon’s sacrifice of their daughter Iphigenia and his return from Troy with Cassandra provide motives for Clytemnestra’s alliance with Aegisthus and the murder of her husband.
Her death at the hands of Orestes and Electra continues the family’s cycle of revenge. Greek dramatists portray her variously as an adulterous usurper, a mother avenging her child and a ruler defending the authority she exercised during Agamemnon’s absence.
Mary Beard’s Women & Power begins with classical examples, including Telemachus ordering Penelope back to her room and the threatening figures of Medusa and Clytemnestra, to show how Western traditions repeatedly represent a woman’s public voice as abnormal, dangerous or laughable. In Costanza Casati’s Clytemnestra, Raised as a Spartan princess alongside her sister Helen, Clytemnestra is trained to fight but expected to submit to the marriages and alliances chosen by men. Agamemnon destroys her first family and carries her to Mycenae as his queen. Further fictional perspectives on Clytemnestra can be found in Susan C Wilson’s Clytemnestra’s Bind, Henry Treece’s Electra, Euripides’ Electra and Other Plays, Euripides’ Orestes and Other Plays, and Euripides’ The Bacchae and Other Plays.