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Home / Periods / Napoleonic Era / French Invasion of Russia / Patriotic War of 1812

War

French Invasion of Russia / Patriotic War of 1812

1812 CE

Napoleon invaded the Russian Empire in June 1812 with the Grande Armée, seeking to force Tsar Alexander I back into the Continental System and reassert French strategic dominance. Russian armies withdrew eastward, denying Napoleon the rapid decisive victory on which his plans depended.

After severe fighting at Smolensk and Borodino, the French occupied Moscow but failed to secure peace. The subsequent retreat destroyed much of the invading army through combat, hunger, disease, exhaustion and winter conditions, transforming the balance of power and encouraging a new coalition against Napoleon.

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