c. 0s BCE–65
Seneca was a Roman Stoic philosopher, dramatist and adviser to Nero. His career combined moral writing with political power and immense wealth, ending in forced suicide after the Pisonian conspiracy.
Seneca's philosophical writings, including the Moral Letters and essays on anger, providence and the brevity of life, applied Stoic ethics to the practical pressures of wealth, fear, status and mortality. His political career sat uneasily beside those teachings: he accumulated great wealth and exercised influence during the early years of Nero's reign. Accused of involvement in the Pisonian conspiracy in AD 65, he was ordered by Nero to take his own life.
Margaret George’s The Confessions of Young Nero presents Seneca as one of the advisers who guides the teenage Nero at the beginning of his reign, trying with Burrus to restrain both the emperor and Agrippina’s influence. Emperor Nero follows that relationship to its darker end, when the Pisonian conspiracy brings Seneca’s enforced suicide as the court turns against former advisers. The Satyricon and the Apocolocyntosis pairs Petronius with Seneca’s own savage satire on the deification of Claudius, showing the literary voice behind the statesman. Letters from a Stoic gives Seneca directly, reflecting on death, wealth, friendship and moral independence during his final years. The biography Nero places his political career in the wider problem of how far Seneca and Burrus shaped the early principate before Nero concentrated authority around himself.