Mehmed II became Ottoman sultan twice and conquered Constantinople in 1453, ending the Byzantine Empire. He rebuilt the city as an imperial capital, expanded Ottoman rule through the Balkans and Anatolia and developed a centralised court and legal order.
His campaigns also brought severe destruction, enslavement and forced movement of populations. Mehmed died in 1481 while preparing another expedition, leaving a powerful but contested empire. Mehmed II was born in Edirne and died in Gebze.
In Roger Crowley’s Constantinople, in the spring of 1453 Sultan Mehmed II brought the resources of the expanding Ottoman state against Constantinople, the diminished but still formidable capital of the Byzantine Empire. Constantine XI Palaiologos organised a defence built around the Theodosian walls, a small Byzantine force and foreign volunteers led by the Genoese commander Giovanni Giustiniani. In G. A. Henty’s A Knight of the White Cross, Historical figures including Mehmed II connect the fictional action directly to the documented events. Mehmed II is treated fictionally in Peter Darman’s Count of Thrace, Peter Darman’s Kingmaker, Christopher Nicole’s Ottoman, Jason Goodwin’s The Bellini Card, and Christian Cameron’s Tom Swan and the Head of St George Part Six.