Hong Xiuquan was a Chinese religious leader who claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus and founded the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The rebellion he led from 1850 produced one of the nineteenth century’s deadliest civil wars before Qing and regional forces recaptured Nanjing in 1864.
George MacDonald Fraser’s Flashman and the Dragon is set in Hong Kong in 1860, Flashman accepts money to escort what he believes is an opium shipment into Canton and discovers that he is carrying weapons for the Taiping rebels.
In non-fiction, Hong Xiuquan is discussed in Stephen R. Platt’s Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom. In Stephen R. Platt’s Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom, the movement founded by Hong Xiuquan challenged Qing rule with a radical religious and social programme, drawing support from communities damaged by poverty, ethnic tension and ineffective government.