Non-Fiction
4 Best Non-Fiction Books About European Imperialism in the Islamic Mediterranean
Histories, biographies and reference works are listed separately from the historical novels above.
Phase
European Imperialism in the Islamic Mediterranean
c. 1750–1918 CE
From the mid-eighteenth century, European states increasingly challenged the political and commercial power of the Ottoman Empire, Morocco and the North African regencies. Russian expansion, French intervention in Egypt and Algeria, British maritime strategy and repeated wars altered the balance of power around the Mediterranean.
During the nineteenth century, military conquest operated alongside debt, unequal treaties, diplomatic pressure and control of strategic routes such as the Suez Canal. France occupied Algeria and Tunisia, Britain occupied Egypt, Spain and France competed in Morocco, Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia-Herzegovina and Italy invaded Ottoman Libya. Local societies resisted through warfare, political mobilisation and efforts at state reform.
By the early twentieth century, disputes over Morocco, Libya and the Balkans had intensified rivalry among the European powers and weakened Ottoman control.
Related people for European Imperialism in the Islamic Mediterranean
Abdul Hamid II1842–1918 Charles George Gordon1833–1885 Franz Joseph I of Austria1830–1916 Haile Selassie1892–1975 Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener1850–1916 Jomo Kenyatta1893–1978 Joseph Chamberlain1836–1914 Mahmud II1785–1839 Menelik II1844–1913 Muhammad Ahmad1844–1885 Napoleon1769–1821 Napoleon III1808–1873 Nicholas II of Russia1868–1918 Otto von Bismarck1815–1898 Paul Kruger1825–1904 Theodore Roosevelt1858–1919 Victoria1819–1901 Wilhelm II1859–1941
