Periods

Ancient World spans human prehistory and the early civilisations of Africa, Asia, the Near East and Mediterranean through the late-antique transition of the sixth century.

History of the Americas brings together Indigenous, pre-Columbian, colonial, revolutionary, national and modern settings across North, Central and South America and the Caribbean.

Asian History is a geographic gateway to long-running histories of China, Japan, India, Southeast Asia and West Asia that do not fit neatly within a single chronological period.

The Medieval Period covers the centuries between the end of the western Roman world and the beginning of the early modern age.

Renaissance and Early Modern Europe covers the cultural, political, religious and dynastic world of Europe from the Renaissance into the age of states, exploration and reform.

Tudor and Stuart Britain covers the transformation of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales from late medieval monarchy into an early modern state shaped by Reformation, civil war, empire and revolution.

Georgian and Regency Britain covers the Hanoverian age, from the accession of George I to the early Victorian threshold.

Russian Empire and Revolution covers imperial expansion, reform, autocracy, war, revolutionary collapse and the Soviet state through 1991.

The Age of Revolutions links the American, French, Haitian, Napoleonic and Spanish American upheavals that transformed the Atlantic world.

The Long Nineteenth Century covers 1789–1914, from the French Revolution to the outbreak of World War I, an age of industrialisation, nationalism, imperial expansion and mass politics.

World War I and the Interwar Era covers the First World War and the unstable decades that followed it.

World War II was a global conflict involving the Axis and Allied powers across multiple theatres.

The Cold War and post-war era covers superpower rivalry after 1945 and the political, social and military aftermath that continued beyond the Soviet Union’s collapse.