c. 1st century–69
Cartimandua was the queen of the Brigantes, a powerful people of northern Britain during the Roman conquest. She allied with Rome and handed the defeated resistance leader Caratacus to Roman authorities, but conflict with her former husband Venutius eventually forced her from power.
Cartimandua’s alliance with Rome made the Brigantian kingdom an important buffer during the conquest of Britain, but her domestic position deteriorated after she separated from Venutius and favoured his armour-bearer Vellocatus. Venutius led repeated revolts against her. Roman troops rescued Cartimandua during the upheavals of AD 69, after which she disappears from the surviving historical record.
In Griff Hosker’s Druid’s Gold, the Sword of Cartimandua is called into action again as Marcus' Horse fights once more. In Griff Hosker’s Roman Courage, Decurion Marcus Aurelius, the warrior who wields the Sword of Cartimandua arrives home to find his world devastated by losses he cannot comprehend. Cartimandua is treated fictionally in Griff Hosker’s Roman Hawk, Griff Hosker’s The Sword of Cartimandua, Griff Hosker’s Roman Wall, Griff Hosker’s Invasion- Caledonia, and Griff Hosker’s Revolt of the Red Witch.