Alexander VI, born Rodrigo Borgia, was pope from 1492 until 1503. A skilled administrator and politician, he also became notorious for nepotism, openly advancing his children Cesare and Lucrezia and using papal power to strengthen the Borgia family during the Italian Wars.
His pontificate included artistic patronage, diplomatic manoeuvring and attempts to control central Italy, but later polemic turned the Borgia court into a symbol of Renaissance corruption and sexual scandal. Alexander VI also worked as Dean of the College of Cardinals, Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals, Cardinal-Bishop of Albano, and Roman Catholic Archbishop of Valencia. Alexander VI was born in Xàtiva and died in Rome.
In Sarah Dunant’s Blood & Beauty, Cardinal Rodrigo Borgia secures election as Pope Alexander VI and enters office as a wealthy Spanish outsider in a city dominated by Italian families. In Cecelia Holland’s City of God, Nicholas Dawson is the highly educated secretary to Ercole Bruni, Florence’s ineffective ambassador at the court of Pope Alexander VI. Nicholas quietly rewrites diplomatic correspondence to compensate for his employer’s failures and uses access to the Roman Curia to advance his own political understanding. Further fictional perspectives on Alexander VI can be found in Sarah Dunant’s In the Name of the Family, Simon Turney’s The Assassin’s Tale, Kate Quinn’s The Lion and the Rose, Kate Quinn’s The Serpent and the Pearl, and C. W. Gortner’s The Vatican Princess.