Medea was a princess and sorceress of Colchis who helps Jason obtain the Golden Fleece. Greek tragedy follows the consequences of her exile and Jason’s betrayal, presenting her as both victim and terrifying agent of revenge.
Other traditions give different accounts of the deaths of her children and of her subsequent movements, including a period at Athens. Across antiquity she remained a figure through whom writers explored foreignness, female agency, magic, betrayal and the destructive logic of revenge.
Henry Treece’s Jason makes Medea the Colchian princess whose intelligence and forbidden knowledge allow Jason to obtain the Golden Fleece at the cost of betraying her own family. Apollonius of Rhodes’ Jason and the Argonauts and The Voyage of Argo present the older epic tradition in which Jason’s success depends decisively on Medea’s intervention and flight from Colchis. Euripides’ Medea and Other Plays moves to Corinth after Jason abandons her for a politically advantageous marriage, turning exile, wounded honour and revenge into one of Greek tragedy’s most destructive family conflicts. Ovid’s Heroides gives Medea a first-person epistolary voice, recasting the myth through the abandoned woman’s memory of what she sacrificed for Jason.