Ariadne was a Cretan princess who helps Theseus escape the Labyrinth after he kills the Minotaur. Later traditions describe her abandonment on Naxos and her association or marriage with Dionysus.
Ariadne’s later fate varies sharply between sources. In some traditions Theseus abandons her on Naxos, where the god Dionysus finds and marries her; in others her death is connected with Artemis or with divine intervention. Greek and Roman poets repeatedly reworked the story, making Ariadne a figure of betrayal, rescue and transformation whose image became especially prominent in later art and literature.
Mary Renault’s The King Must Die gives Ariadne a major role in Theseus’s Cretan story, where she helps the Athenian bull dancers rebel against the palace order before Theseus abandons her on his return journey. Ovid’s Heroides gives the deserted Ariadne her own voice in a verse letter of accusation, grief and betrayal. Homer’s The Iliad preserves an older trace of her legend when the shield of Achilles evokes the dancing place Daedalus made for Ariadne at Knossos, while The Odyssey recalls her death on Dia in the catalogue of famous women seen in the underworld tradition.