Mohammad Ayub Khan was an Afghan prince and military commander, the son of Emir Sher Ali Khan. During the Second Anglo-Afghan War he led the Afghan army that defeated a British-led force at the Battle of Maiwand in 1880 and then besieged Kandahar.
General Frederick Roberts defeated him outside the city, and Ayub later spent much of his life in exile. A fuller treatment places him within the Afghan succession struggle and resistance to British control of foreign policy.
Michael G. Thomas’ Battle for Kandahar makes Mohammad Ayub Khan the Afghan commander whose victory at Maiwand forces Frederick Roberts to march from Kabul to Kandahar and confront him in the decisive battle of September 1880. T. A. Heathcote’s The Afghan Wars 1839–1919 places Ayub within the wider Second Anglo-Afghan War, explaining how the struggle over succession, British intervention and frontier strategy produced both his temporary military ascendancy and his eventual defeat.