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Poland
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Three families—the aristocratic Lubonskis, the lesser noble Bukowskis and the peasant Bukes—reappear across centuries of Polish history. Their changing relationships reveal the strengths and divisions of a society confronted by Teutonic expansion, dynastic politics, foreign invasion and the unstable freedoms of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
The narrative continues through partition by neighbouring empires, nationalist uprisings, the First World War, Nazi occupation, the Holocaust and Communist rule. Across repeated destruction and rebirth, the families embody different ideas of land, class, faith and national survival, showing how Polish identity persists even when the state itself disappears.
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Historical people
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