Antony’s Parthian Campaign, 36 BCE

Mark Antony assembled a large eastern army and advanced through Armenia towards Media Atropatene in 36 BCE. The campaign depended on speed and allied support, but Parthian forces destroyed the Roman siege train and harassed the army’s communications.

Unable to capture the fortified objective, Antony withdrew through severe weather and repeated attacks. The losses damaged his military reputation and intensified his dependence on Cleopatra’s resources and his Armenian policy.

Caesar’s Nemesis opens the final stage of Antony’s career with this failure before turning to the propaganda struggle with Octavian, the War of Actium and the collapse of Antony’s position in Egypt.