Francis Edward Younghusband was a British soldier, explorer and political officer whose travels through Central Asia made him a prominent figure in the late nineteenth-century Great Game. He served in the Indian Political Service and became closely involved in British policy towards the Himalayan frontier.
In 1903 he led the mission sent from British India into Tibet, which advanced to Lhasa under military escort and imposed the Convention of Lhasa in 1904 after a campaign marked by severe Tibetan casualties. In later life Younghusband became an advocate of interfaith and spiritual causes.
In Charles Allen’s Duel in the Snows, Political officer Francis Younghusband drove the mission towards Lhasa while Brigadier-General James Macdonald commanded its military escort. John Wilcox’s Treachery in Tibet places Francis Younghusband at the centre of the 1903–1904 British expedition to Tibet, using his mission and the advance on Lhasa as the historical framework for the novel’s intrigue.