#1 – Iron and Rust
In AD 235 the emperor Severus Alexander and his mother, Julia Mamaea, are murdered by soldiers on the Rhine. The army raises Maximinus Thrax in their place, giving the empire a ruler whose authority rests on military success rather than senatorial acceptance or dynastic legitimacy. The…
#2 – Blood and Steel
In AD 238 opposition to Maximinus Thrax turns into open revolt. Landowners and officials in Roman Africa proclaim the elderly Gordian I and his son Gordian II as emperors, forcing the Senate to decide whether to support them or submit to the soldier-emperor marching towards Italy.…
#3 – Fire and Sword
The struggle for Rome continues through the violent final stages of AD 238. After the defeat of the Gordians, the Senate appoints Pupienus and Balbinus, while Maximinus Thrax advances into Italy and the young Gordian III becomes the focus of popular and dynastic hopes. At Aquileia,…