First Kuban Ice March

In early 1918 the anti-Bolshevik Volunteer Army withdrew from Rostov and moved south into the Kuban as Red forces expanded their control. The force was small, poorly supplied and accompanied by civilians.

The march became notorious for freezing weather, mud, hunger and repeated combat. Its survivors helped create the military tradition and mythology of the White movement in southern Russia.

The campaign took place during the rapid collapse of imperial institutions and the transformation of the Russian Revolution into a prolonged civil war.