d. 1651
Giulia Tofana was a seventeenth-century Italian woman whose name became attached to Aqua Tofana, a notorious poison said to have been supplied to women seeking to kill abusive or unwanted husbands. The surviving historical record is much thinner than the later legend. Documentary scholarship connects a Giulia Mangiardi, also known as Tofana, with Palermo and Rome and records her death in 1651.
During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the story grew dramatically, accumulating claims about a vast poisoning network, hundreds of victims and a spectacular execution. Those details should be treated cautiously. Her historical importance lies as much in the evolution of the legend as in what can securely be established about her own life, making her a particularly complex subject for historical fiction.