First Italo-Ethiopian War

The First Italo-Ethiopian War developed from Italian expansion from Eritrea and a dispute over the Treaty of Wuchale. Emperor Menelik II mobilised forces from across Ethiopia while Empress Taytu Betul played an important political and logistical role.

Italian forces advanced into the Ethiopian highlands but were decisively defeated at the Battle of Adwa on 1 March 1896. The subsequent Treaty of Addis Ababa recognised Ethiopian sovereignty.