English Civil War

The English Civil War surveys the conflicts that divided the kingdoms of Charles I during the 1640s. It explains disputes over taxation, religion, parliamentary authority and the government of Scotland and Ireland that made political compromise increasingly impossible.

The book follows the raising of armies, major campaigns and the creation of the New Model Army before turning to the king’s defeat, renewed war and execution. It concludes with the Commonwealth and Protectorate, showing how civil conflict opened radical debates over sovereignty, worship and political participation.