Siege of Oxford Castle (1142)

The Siege of Oxford Castle lasted from September to December 1142 after King Stephen trapped Empress Matilda and her supporters in Oxford. The royal army controlled the surrounding town and maintained pressure on the castle as provisions diminished.

Matilda escaped during a winter night, traditionally described as crossing the frozen River Thames in white clothing before reaching safety at Wallingford. Her escape prevented Stephen from ending the dynastic struggle by capturing his rival.

The Hermit of Eyton Forest is set while news of the siege and Matilda's escape circulates through England. The event helps establish the continuing instability against which questions of inheritance, guardianship and local power unfold.