Books
Phase
Civil War Espionage and Secret Services
1861–1865 CE
Neither side entered the Civil War with a permanent modern intelligence service. Military commanders, politicians, detectives, scouts and civilians therefore created overlapping networks to gather information, intercept messages and identify suspected agents.
Allan Pinkerton organised intelligence for George B. McClellan, while Lafayette C. Baker later directed federal detective and counterintelligence operations. Confederate agents used sympathisers, couriers and networks in Washington, Richmond and border states.
